[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":324},["ShallowReactive",2],{"note:language\u002Fdeutsch\u002Fgerman-for-reading\u002Fchap2\u002F2.10":3,"site-search-catalogue":323},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":19,"extension":316,"meta":317,"navigation":318,"path":319,"seo":320,"stem":321,"__hash__":322},"notes\u002Fsource\u002Flanguage\u002Fdeutsch\u002Fgerman-for-reading\u002Fchap2\u002F2.10.md","2.10. Es gibt, es ist, es sind",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":308},"minimark",[9,13,20,36,42,56,61,81,86,106,109,116,119,210,212,218,221,271,276,278,284,290,296,302],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"_210-es-gibt-es-ist-es-sind",[14,15,16],"p",{},[17,18,19],"strong",{},"1. Geben 的原意是“给”，但 es gibt 被习惯用来表示“存在”。根据上下文，它可以翻译为“有”或“存在”（there is \u002F there are）：",[21,22,23,30],"ul",{},[24,25,26,29],"li",{},[17,27,28],{},"Es gibt eine Universität in Hamburg."," — 汉堡有一所大学。(There is a university in Hamburg.)",[24,31,32,35],{},[17,33,34],{},"Gibt es viele Studenten auf der Universität?"," — 大学里有很多学生吗？(Are there many students at the university?)",[14,37,38,41],{},[17,39,40],{},"2. Es ist（有一\u002F是）和 es sind（有\u002F是）的使用方式与此类似：","\nEs ist (there is) and es sind (there are) are used in a like manner:",[21,43,44,50],{},[24,45,46,49],{},[17,47,48],{},"Es ist nur ein Mensch in diesem Haus."," — 这个房子里只有一个人。(There is only one person in this house.)",[24,51,52,55],{},[17,53,54],{},"Es sind drei Menschen in dem Volkswagen."," — 大众汽车里有三个人。(There are three people in the Volkswagen.)",[14,57,58],{},[17,59,60],{},"3. 这些表达方式的过去时为：",[21,62,63,69,75],{},[24,64,65,68],{},[17,66,67],{},"es gab"," — 曾有 (there was, there were)",[24,70,71,74],{},[17,72,73],{},"es war"," — 曾是\u002F曾有 (there was)",[24,76,77,80],{},[17,78,79],{},"es waren"," — 曾是\u002F曾有 (there were)",[14,82,83],{},[17,84,85],{},"注意：",[21,87,88,94,100],{},[24,89,90,93],{},[17,91,92],{},"Ich bin es."," — 是我。(It is I.)",[24,95,96,99],{},[17,97,98],{},"Ist er es?"," — 是他吗？(Is it he?)",[24,101,102,105],{},[17,103,104],{},"Es waren meine Kinder."," — 那是我的孩子们。(It was my children.)",[107,108],"hr",{},[110,111,113],"h3",{"id":112},"练习-exercises",[17,114,115],{},"练习 (Exercises)",[14,117,118],{},"请给出下列德语短语的含义：",[120,121,122,132,142,152,162,168,178,188,194,200],"ol",{},[24,123,124,127,128,131],{},[17,125,126],{},"sehr"," = 非常 (very)；",[17,129,130],{},"Sehr viele Länder umschließen Deutschland."," — 1. 非常多的国家包围着德国。(Very many countries surround Germany.)",[24,133,134,137,138,141],{},[17,135,136],{},"die"," = 那些\u002F哪一个 (which)；",[17,139,140],{},"Es gibt neun Länder, die Deutschland umschließen."," — 2. 有九个国家包围着德国。(There are nine countries which surround Germany.)",[24,143,144,147,148,151],{},[17,145,146],{},"die Mitte"," = 中间、中心 (middle, center)；",[17,149,150],{},"Es ist in der geographischen Mitte Europas."," — 3. 它位于欧洲的地理中心。(It is in the geographical center of Europe.)",[24,153,154,157,158,161],{},[17,155,156],{},"einmal"," = 曾经 (once)；",[17,159,160],{},"Einmal gab es viele Deutsche in der Tschechoslowakei."," — 4. 捷克斯洛伐克曾经有很多德国人。(There were once many Germans in Czechoslovakia.)",[24,163,164,167],{},[17,165,166],{},"Warum ist es ein Durchgangsland?"," — 5. 为什么它是一个通道国家（指他国经过的国家）？(Why is it a country through which others travel?)",[24,169,170,173,174,177],{},[17,171,172],{},"da"," = 因为、由于 (since)；",[17,175,176],{},"... da es fast keine natürlichen Grenzen gibt."," — 6. ……因为几乎没有自然边界。(... since there are almost no natural borders.)",[24,179,180,183,184,187],{},[17,181,182],{},"eigentlich"," = 真的、实际上 (really, actually)；",[17,185,186],{},"Gab es eigentlich ein Deutschland?"," — 7. 真的曾有一个（统一的）德国吗？(Was there really one Germany?)",[24,189,190,193],{},[17,191,192],{},"Es war sehr schwer, diese Frage zu verstehen."," — 8. 理解这个问题曾经非常困难。(It was very hard to understand this question.)",[24,195,196,199],{},[17,197,198],{},"Es gibt zwei Teile Deutschlands, die zusammen den größten Staat Europas bilden."," — 9. 德国有两个部分，它们共同构成了欧洲最大的国家。(There are two parts of Germany which together form the largest state in Europe.)",[24,201,202,205,206,209],{},[17,203,204],{},"das Gebiet"," = 地区 (the area)；",[17,207,208],{},"Es waren auch romanische, slawische und magyarische Völker auf diesem Gebiet."," — 10. 在这个地区也曾有过罗曼、斯拉夫和马扎尔民族。(There were also Romanic, Slavic, and Magyar peoples in this area.)",[107,211],{},[110,213,215],{"id":214},"阶段测验-progress-test",[17,216,217],{},"阶段测验 (PROGRESS TEST)",[14,219,220],{},"请选择最符合德语含义的选项：",[120,222,223,233,243,252,261],{},[24,224,225,228,229,232],{},[17,226,227],{},"Es sind nur vier Länder auf dieser Landkarte.","\n(a) 他们是 (b) ",[17,230,231],{},"这里有"," (c) 曾经有",[24,234,235,238,239,242],{},[17,236,237],{},"Es war nur eine Landkarte an der Wand.","\n(a) ",[17,240,241],{},"曾经有一张"," (b) 它是 (c) 它是（现在时）",[24,244,245,247,248,251],{},[17,246,186],{},"\n(a) 有……吗？ (b) ",[17,249,250],{},"曾经有……吗？"," (c) 他给了吗？",[24,253,254,228,257,260],{},[17,255,256],{},"Es waren nur vier Länder auf der Landkarte.",[17,258,259],{},"曾经有"," (c) 这里有",[24,262,263,266,267,270],{},[17,264,265],{},"Es ist nur eine Person in dem Volkswagen.","\n(a) 它是 (b) ",[17,268,269],{},"这里只有"," (c) 他是",[14,272,273],{},[17,274,275],{},"答案：1. (b); 2. (a); 3. (b); 4. (b); 5. (b)。",[107,277],{},[110,279,281],{"id":280},"阅读课文德国地理-die-geographie-deutschlands",[17,282,283],{},"阅读课文：德国地理 (Die Geographie Deutschlands)",[14,285,286,289],{},[17,287,288],{},"Wenn wir Deutschland als ein Land verstehen wollen, müssen wir nicht nur Geschichte lernen, sondern auch eine Landkarte anschauen.","\n如果我们想把德国作为一个国家来理解，我们不仅必须学习历史，还必须观察地图。\nIf we want to understand Germany as a country, we must not only learn history, but also look at a map.",[14,291,292,295],{},[17,293,294],{},"Die Geographie Deutschlands kann uns sehr viel sagen. Deutschland liegt in der geographischen Mitte Europas, in dem Teil Europas, den wir Mitteleuropa nennen.","\n德国的地理可以告诉我们很多。德国位于欧洲的地理中心，即我们称之为中欧的那部分欧洲。\nThe geography of Germany can tell us very much. Germany is located in the geographical center of Europe, in the part of Europe which we call Central Europe.",[14,297,298,301],{},[17,299,300],{},"Natürlich liegt nicht nur Deutschland in diesem Gebiet, sondern auch andere Länder. In dieser Zone leben also germanische, slawische, romanische und magyarische Völker.","\n当然，不仅德国位于这个地区，其他国家也是。因此，在这个地带居住着日耳曼、斯拉夫、罗曼和马扎尔民族。\nNaturally, not only Germany is located in this area, but also other countries. In this zone, therefore, live Germanic, Slavic, Romanic, and Magyar peoples.",[14,303,304,307],{},[17,305,306],{},"Zusammen bilden die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (d.h. Westdeutschland) und die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (d.h. Ostdeutschland) den größten Staat Europas, außer Rußland.","\n德意志联邦共和国（即西德）和德意志民主共和国（即东德）共同构成了除俄罗斯外欧洲最大的国家。\nTogether the Federal Republic of Germany (i.e. West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (i.e. East Germany) form the largest state in Europe, except for Russia.",{"title":309,"searchDepth":310,"depth":310,"links":311},"",2,[312,314,315],{"id":112,"depth":313,"text":115},3,{"id":214,"depth":313,"text":217},{"id":280,"depth":313,"text":283},"md",{},true,"\u002Fsource\u002Flanguage\u002Fdeutsch\u002Fgerman-for-reading\u002Fchap2\u002F2.10",{"title":5,"description":19},"source\u002Flanguage\u002Fdeutsch\u002Fgerman-for-reading\u002Fchap2\u002F2.10","bAOusUcLtqpNAATzA6_rTIQddLLMFMobr2yWudrl3UU",null,1784032893476]